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Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10

Chapter 4: Resistance

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Mechanical Fluid Electrical Thermal

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4.1  Friction in Mechanical Systems

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Using the force of gravity exerted on a hanging mass, a string draped over a pulley can apply force to a cart riding on an "frictionless air track." This force F causes the cart of mass m to accelerate a according to Newton's Second Law, F = m a. Use this Java applet to collect "experimental data" from trials using different masses and different "photogate" positions on the track.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

This lesson from The Physics Classroom has a detailed explanation of Newton's second law, examples, and self-check problems.

Using Newton's Second Law to Solve Problems

This site gives a 10-step method for solving problems in mechanical systems.

Sir Isaac Newton

Eric Weisstein provides this excellent biography of Sir Isaac Newton. It includes links to many other sites about Newton and his work.

Friction

This page defines static friction and kinetic friction between two objects. It also has links to some Quicktime movies illustrating these forces.

Forces and Friction

Friction, perpetual motion, coefficient of friction, and more are discussed in at this site.

Biomechanics of Cross-country Skiing

This site gives detailed information about how Newton's second law is applied to the movement of the human body.


4.2  Viscosity in Fluid Systems

Viscosity

A site that has a discussion of viscosity and abbreviated biographies of Jean Louis Poiseuille, George Stokes, and Osborne Reynolds.

Types of Fluid Flow

This site contains a PowerPoint-style presentation on fluid flow, Bernoulli's equation, viscosity, Stokes law, and Poiseuille's law. [Frames 1-12]

Poiseuille's Equation

This site provides a discussion of Poiseuille's equation applied to the flow of blood in the human circulatory system.

Effect of Aerodynamic Drag Forces

This is another site that talks about the physics of blood flow in the human circulatory system.

Pitches in Baseball

This cool site tells you why a curve ball curves. It includes a java applet that simulates throwing a ball with several variables. (Click "Visit Site" if the "Oracle Thinkquest" page appears.)

Aerodynamic Drag Forces on Kites

This NASA site presents the equations and physics for calculating the drag and lift forces that make it possible to fly a kite. For your advanced students: Don't miss the link to the "Kite Modeler."


4.3  Resistance in Electrical Systems

Interactive Ohm's Law Simulation

See how the mathematical form of Ohm's law relates to a simple circuit by using a Java applet to interactively change the voltage and resistance values.

Resistors

A pretty nice site for beginners. It defines several terms that deal with electrical resistance, describes resistors, and gives the color code chart.  There is a link to a complete online electronics course.

Ohms's Law

This chapter of the Lessons in Electric Circuits Volume 1: DC begins with a discussion of the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance. Ohm's law is discussed in terms of a water in a pipe analogy. Additional and more advanced topics are covered..

Basics of Electronics

This site contains a lot of information about basic electrical principles.  If you scroll down about half way, you will get to the part on conductors and resistors, different types of resistors, how they are made, and even how to make your own. It also includes a detailed schematic of a typical resistor.

Series and Parallel Circuits

This is another chapter from the Lessons in Electric Circuits Volume 1: DC that discusses series and parallel circuits and how to calculate resistance in each.

Basic Car Audio Electronics

Scroll through the list of short, easy-to-read titles to find short, helpful lessons related to resistance, Ohm's Law, series/parallel circuits, speakers, and much more.

Learning Objects for Electronics (Gateway Technical College)

This site has a large collection of excellent interactive Flash lessons on various topics in electronics, including practice problems in series/parallel resistances, from basic to advanced. Of particular significance to this chapter are those under the heading, “DC/AC I & II”

Series-Parallel DC Circuits

This site provides a textbook approach to calculating total resistances in combination series-parallel circuits.


4.4  Resistance in Thermal Systems

Heat Transfer Fundamentals

This site gives the basic theory behind thermal conductivity and describes several different types of thermal interface materials. Same information not pdf form: http://www.chomerics.com/tech/heattransfer.htm

Insulation Fact Sheet

This Department of Energy fact sheet provides information on insulation, how to calculate how much you need, how to install it, and so forth.

Ceramics

This site discusses ceramics, their structure, how they are processed, and their thermal, mechanical, optical and electrical properties.

Thermal Resistance

An in-depth site on thermal resistance in brick and masonary walls.  It discusses how well different types of material and configurations used for walls improve insulation properties.