Chapter 3: Rate

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Mechanical Fluid Electrical Thermal

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3.1  Rate in Mechanical Systems

Velocity

This ThinkQuest site discusses distance and displacement, average velocity and instantaneous velocity, position-time graphs, velocity-time graphs, and relative motion. There are study questions and a quiz to test your understanding.

Acceleration

The next chapter of the ThinkQuest site described above continues with discussions of average acceleration and instantaneous acceleration, velocity-time graph displacement and constant acceleration, and acceleration due to gravity. (Click "Visit Site" if the "Oracle Thinkquest" page appears.)

1-D Kinematics

This unit from The Physics Classroom site includes lessons on describing motion with words, describing motion with diagrams, describing motion with position-versus-time graphs, describing motion with velocity-versus-time graphs, free fall and acceleration of gravity, and describing motion with equations. The site includes animation.

Projectile Motion (The Physics Classroom)

This series of web pages and animations comprise a complete lesson on projectile motion covering independent vertical and horizontal velocities, the velocity vectors of a projectile, quadratic equations describing the motion, and launch angles other than zero. Includes assessment questions.

Mechanics: Cannon (University of Oregon, Dept of Physics)

On this site students vary the angle and speed of projectiles to try to hit a target in six challenges of increasing difficulty and educational content. This nicely-done multimedia applet yields a real-time graph of the horizontal and vertical velocity components, as well as depicting the real-time vectors for those velocities.

Interesting Properties of Projectile Motion

This site includes two applets that 1) examine the effect of different projectile angles fired at the same speed and 2) examine the vector components of a projectile.

Angular Momentum

Introduction to angular momentum concept with real-life examples, glossary, and quiz.

Velocity, Acceleration, Projectile and Circular Motion

Interactive demonstration on a graph of projectile motion.

ETHS Physics Help Page

Links to Angular Motion (rotations, angular velocity, angular acceleration)

Centripetal Force

Physics Multimedia Studio presentation on Centripetal Force.

The Physics of SUV Rollover Accidents

This presentation will describe the physics (and math) of what occurs, for NON-physicist-types!

Circulation Motion and Centripetal Force

An interactive java applet.

 

3.2  Flow in Fluid Systems

Mass Flow Rate

This NASA Glen Research Center page discusses the fundamental concepts related to conservation of energy and mass flow. You can link to additional information on aerodynamics and propulsion.

Mass Flow and Conservation Laws

This segment of the Interactive Heating, Piping, and Air Conditioning (HPAC) Engineering page, Air Systems Basics, discusses the laws of conservation applied to mass flow in air-handling systems. Reprinted with permission from Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning Engineering Magazine.

Continuity and Conservation of Matter

This page from a fluid mechanics course uses diagrams, mathematics, and example problems to aid in the understanding of mass flow rate and volume flow rate.

Fluids in Motion

This page defines flow rate and then derives the continuity equation and Bernouilli's equation.


3.3  Current in Electrical Systems

The Flow of Charge

This chapter of Learn Physics Online introduces current. It also answers questions such as the following: Why can a bird sit on the power line? Why do many cows die during a thunderstorm even though lightning does not strike them directly? (Click "Visit Site" if the "Oracle Thinkquest" page appears.)

Elements of AC Electricity

This site defines sinusoidal and talks about its properties as related to AC electricity.

Beginning Tutorials on Basic Circuits

This site will help you understand basic electrical circuit schematics.

Current

This is an animated lesson on electricity. It requires a ShockwaveTM plugin.

Experiments in Electricity

This page describes series and parallel circuits and offers example problems.


3.4  Heat in Thermal Systems

About Temperature

An intermediate level discussion of temperature, thermometers, the kinetic theory of gas, and thermal radiation can be found here.

Heat and Temperature

This page talks about heat flow and how to control it.

Heat Transfer

This is the Heat Transfer section of the HyperPhysics site. It contains discussions of heat transfer equations. Of particular interest are the examples of heat transfer that can be viewed by clicking on the Examples link.

Transfer of Heat

This site on fiberglass insulation discusses conduction, convection, and radiation.

Thermal Resource Center

This site has links to several conversions, calculators, and sites covering a wide array of thermophysical properties.